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Multi-state components in Figma start with a disciplined model of states. Begin by enumerating visible states a component can take, such as normal, hover, active, disabled, and focused. Then map transitions between these states, noting what triggers each change (pointer hover, click, keyboard navigation, or programmatic updates). Document dependencies for composite components, where a button might also reveal a submenu, or a switch affects a nearby control. Establish a naming convention for states and variants to keep files clean as projects grow. This groundwork helps designers reason about behavior, reduces ambiguous interactions, and makes handoffs to developers more predictable and efficient.

Once you have a stable state model, implement it with Figma’s Variants and Smart Animate. Create a single component with multiple variant properties to represent each state. Use discreet properties for things like appearance, text, and icons, and combine them to express transitions. For transitions, configure Smart Animate to interpolate between properties such as color, size, and opacity. Maintain consistent timing and easing across states to avoid jarring motion. Add short, purposeful micro-interactions that reinforce state changes, like a gentle lift on hover or a subtle bounce when activated. Keep a separate variant for accessibility states, ensuring high-contrast visuals and readable typography during interaction.

Consistency across components reduces cognitive load and speeds up design reviews. To achieve this, build a shared library of state patterns that small UI elements can adopt. Define a standard sequence of states for common controls—focus, hover, press, and disabled—and document allowed transitions. Use tokens for color, typography, and elevation so that changing a palette automatically updates all states in every component. This approach also helps developers implement interactions more accurately, as they can reference the exact variant names and transition rules. Over time, the library becomes a trusted source of truth, enabling scalable design systems that feel cohesive across projects and teams.

In practice, you should also account for keyboard and assistive technology workflows. Ensure focus outlines are visible and consistent, and provide clear focus traps where appropriate. When a component moves between states due to keyboard navigation, the transition should be smooth but perceptible, not sudden or disorienting. Use explicit aria-like cues in the design layer, such as labeling changes for screen readers and partner screens, so that the intent of a state is obvious even without a pointer. Collaborate with accessibility experts to verify color contrast, focus indicators, and motion preferences, adjusting durations to accommodate users who prefer reduced motion.

Responsive design is essential for modern components, especially as screens change size. When modeling variants, create breakpoints that reflect how a control adapts from small to large layouts. For example, a compact button might reveal an icon-only state at tablet widths, while expanding to include primary text on desktops. Keep the underlying state machine intact while visually adapting the surface. In Figma, use nested components or auto-layout frames to preserve consistent padding, alignment, and touch targets across breakpoints. Verify that state transitions remain legible at every size, avoiding color shifts or typography changes that confuse users during interaction.

Treat motion as a design property, not an afterthought. Establish a motion budget and apply it uniformly to all states. Slow, deliberate transitions can communicate state changes without overwhelming users, while abrupt changes can feel jarring. Use easing curves that feel natural for each interaction type—ease-out for hover, ease-in-out for activation, and a subtle snap for when a component becomes disabled. Provide an option to reduce motion in the prototype to reflect user preferences. Document these choices within a motion guide so developers know which transitions belong to which state changes and why.

Accessibility-minded design means every state should remain perceivable and operable. Design color combinations with strong contrast for text, icons, and controls across all states. When a component changes state, ensure the change is announced or obvious through multiple cues, such as color, shape, and accompanying iconography. Support keyboard navigation by keeping a predictable focus order and offering visible focus outlines that persist long enough for users to orient themselves. Create a testing checklist that includes screen reader feedback, contrast ratios, and keyboard-only flow. This upfront investment reduces later fixes and improves the experience for all visitors, including those relying on assistive technology.

Real-world projects demand robust documentation of state behavior. Document each variant with clear descriptions of when and why it exists, how transitions occur, and what visual cues accompany it. Include example screenshots or short videos that demonstrate typical interactions. Provide a quick-start guide for designers and a developer handoff section with exact props, tokens, and class names that should be used in implementation. When teams align on this documentation, collaboration becomes smoother, reviewers can verify consistency quickly, and production matches the intended motion and interaction precisely.

Contextual testing helps reveal edge cases that isolated components miss. Apply multi-state components within realistic screens—a modal form, a sidebar menu, or a card grid—so you can observe how interactions feel under load or with adjacent elements. Watch for issues where state feedback competes with other UI cues, such as overlapping animations or color clashes. Adjust variant definitions to minimize ambiguity, ensuring a user can predict what happens after each action. Collect feedback from teammates and stakeholders who simulate genuine usage, then refine the state model to address concerns without bloating complexity.

Documentation should also cover performance and scalability considerations. Note the number of states, the complexity of transitions, and how the component behaves when many instances appear on a page. Suggest performance-friendly patterns, like precomputing visual states or avoiding complex nested animations where possible. When possible, reuse shared tokens and behaviors so changes propagate across components automatically. This cross-pollination reduces maintenance overhead and encourages a uniform experience across the product, while still allowing bespoke customizations for unique surfaces.

Start with a minimal viable set of states. Identify the core states that matter most—normal, hover, active, and disabled—and implement those first. Once the skeleton is solid, gradually introduce additional states that address edge cases or niche interactions. This staged approach keeps timelines realistic while ensuring early wins. Encourage designers to prototype interactions with real content and users, not just abstract shapes, so feedback feels actionable. Maintain versioned libraries and lock down release cadences so teams can rely on stable state behavior as they experiment and evolve.

Finally, integrate multi-state components into your workflow with clear handoffs and review rituals. Establish a shared glossary of state names, transitions, and tokens so everyone speaks the same design language. Use collaborative reviews to catch inconsistencies early, and require at least one set of eyes from both design and development before a component ships. By embedding these practices, teams build confidence in the system, reduce rework, and deliver interfaces that respond gracefully to every user action across platforms and contexts.